In the content of performance enhancement using parallelism, explain the terms available parallelism and utilized parallelism.

(2 marks)

Explain the basic characteristic of flash ROM and its applications in main memory subsystem, 1/0 subsystem and mass storage subsystem. (5 marks)

Explain why LRU is considered the perfect replacement policy in cached memory performance.

(3 marks)

Describe how antidependency is a problem in superscalar processing.

(5 marks)

Write brief notes on the ASC and RISC philosophies of architecture.

(5 marks)

Explain the concept and possible justification for multiplexing the data and address signals on the same set of signal lines.

(5 marks)

Describe the functions of the registers that are defined in the Von Neumann model: PC, IR, MAR, MDR. Explain the usage of the registers during instruction fetch cycle.

(5 marks)

In the context of program references to memory, explain the principle of locality and its relevance to the hierarchical organization.

(5 marks)

Given that some Pentium bus runs at 100 MHz, the (data) bus width is 64 bits, and the address bus width is 36 bits. Explain the meaning of those two specifications and determine the bandwidth in mbps.

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